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infection s pneumoniae atcc6303  (ATCC)


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    ATCC infection s pneumoniae atcc6303
    Infection S Pneumoniae Atcc6303, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 646 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/s+pneumoniae/Streptococcus+pneumoniae+(Klein)+Chester/10__1038_slash_s41541___026___01537___2-187-4-12
    Average 96 stars, based on 646 article reviews
    infection s pneumoniae atcc6303 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    96/100 stars

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    other:

    Article Title: Systematic review of antimicrobial pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic indices in murine thigh and hollow fibre dose fractionation studies analysed with a standard method
    Article Snippet: Last, Andes and Craig reported AUC/MIC for XRP 2868 against S. aureus (ATCC 29213) and S. pneumoniae (ATCC 10813), whereas remodelling identifies Cmax/MIC and T > MIC respectively.

    Article Title: Targeting the Dynamic Susceptibility Window: Time‐Sensitive Photodynamic Synergy With Antibiotics Against Streptococcus spp
    Article Snippet: Strains of S. pneumoniae (American Type Culture Collection—ATCC 49619 and ATCC 700904) and a clinical isolate of S. pyogenes obtained from a patient with pharyngotonsillitis were selected for the study.

    Bacteria:

    Article Title: Ceragenins in Combination with Ivacaftor Prevent the Formation of Biofilm by Bacteria That Cause Rhinosinusitis.
    Article Snippet: .. When testing S. pneumoniae (ATCC 49619), IVA showed an MIC of 1 μg/mL which is relatively low compared to other bacteria in this group. .. When testing S. pneumoniae (ATCC 49619), IVA showed an MIC of 1 μg/mL which is relatively low compared to other bacteria in this group.

    Control:

    Article Title: Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Epidemiological Distribution of Pathogenic Bacteria in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at Beijing Children’s Hospital: A Decade-Long Retrospective Analysis (2014–2023)
    Article Snippet: .. Quality control strains, including E. coli (ATCC 25922 and ATCC 35218), P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), S. aureus (ATCC 25923 and ATCC 29213), E. faecalis (ATCC 29212), and S. pneumoniae (ATCC 49619), were used for quality control purposes. ..



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    All panels compare Ptpn2 fl/fl MB1-cre ( Ptpn2 BKO ) versus Ptpn2 wt/wt MB1-cre (Ctrl) mice. ( A ) Quantification of splenocyte numbers and representative photograph of spleens of 10-week-old mice of the indicated genotypes. ( B ) t-SNE clustering of splenic immune cell populations. Cell identities were assigned on the basis of surface marker expression (table S2). Total cell numbers used for each plot are indicated. NK cells, natural killer cells. ( C ) Frequencies of splenic immune cell subsets. Data are representative of at least two independent experiments. ( D ) Representative flow cytometry plots of splenic CD19 + B220 + CD93 − CD21/35 hi CD23 lo MZ and CD19 + B220 + CD93 − CD21/35 lo CD23 hi Fo B cells. ( E ) Proportions and absolute cell numbers of splenic MZ and Fo B cells. Data are representative of three pooled independent experiments. ( F ) Immunofluorescence staining for CD169 (blue), IgD (magenta), and IgM (yellow) of spleen sections of mice of the indicated genotypes. Scale bars, 100 μm. ( G ) Quantification of average splenic MZ thickness based on immunofluorescence staining. The thickness was measured from the CD169 + border to the IgM boundary. The average is representative of three follicles per mouse. Data are representative of two pooled independent experiments. ( H ) Schematic for immunization with heat-inactivated S. <t>pneumoniae.</t> I.V., intravenous. ( I ) Total serum levels of anti-phosphorylcholine IgM titers measured by ELISA 5 days postimmunization with S. pneumoniae . Mean ± SEM optical density (OD) values for serial dilutions are plotted. Data are representative of one of two independent experiments with similar results. Curves represent the mean response of n = 4 mice per genotype. Statistical analyses are done using an unpaired t test (A, E, and G), nonparametric test (C), and two-way ANOVA (I). ns, nonsignificant. * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, and **** P ≤ 0.0001. Each dot represents a biological replicate.
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    infection s pneumoniae atcc6303  (ATCC)
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    All panels compare Ptpn2 fl/fl MB1-cre ( Ptpn2 BKO ) versus Ptpn2 wt/wt MB1-cre (Ctrl) mice. ( A ) Quantification of splenocyte numbers and representative photograph of spleens of 10-week-old mice of the indicated genotypes. ( B ) t-SNE clustering of splenic immune cell populations. Cell identities were assigned on the basis of surface marker expression (table S2). Total cell numbers used for each plot are indicated. NK cells, natural killer cells. ( C ) Frequencies of splenic immune cell subsets. Data are representative of at least two independent experiments. ( D ) Representative flow cytometry plots of splenic CD19 + B220 + CD93 − CD21/35 hi CD23 lo MZ and CD19 + B220 + CD93 − CD21/35 lo CD23 hi Fo B cells. ( E ) Proportions and absolute cell numbers of splenic MZ and Fo B cells. Data are representative of three pooled independent experiments. ( F ) Immunofluorescence staining for CD169 (blue), IgD (magenta), and IgM (yellow) of spleen sections of mice of the indicated genotypes. Scale bars, 100 μm. ( G ) Quantification of average splenic MZ thickness based on immunofluorescence staining. The thickness was measured from the CD169 + border to the IgM boundary. The average is representative of three follicles per mouse. Data are representative of two pooled independent experiments. ( H ) Schematic for immunization with heat-inactivated S. <t>pneumoniae.</t> I.V., intravenous. ( I ) Total serum levels of anti-phosphorylcholine IgM titers measured by ELISA 5 days postimmunization with S. pneumoniae . Mean ± SEM optical density (OD) values for serial dilutions are plotted. Data are representative of one of two independent experiments with similar results. Curves represent the mean response of n = 4 mice per genotype. Statistical analyses are done using an unpaired t test (A, E, and G), nonparametric test (C), and two-way ANOVA (I). ns, nonsignificant. * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, and **** P ≤ 0.0001. Each dot represents a biological replicate.
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    All panels compare Ptpn2 fl/fl MB1-cre ( Ptpn2 BKO ) versus Ptpn2 wt/wt MB1-cre (Ctrl) mice. ( A ) Quantification of splenocyte numbers and representative photograph of spleens of 10-week-old mice of the indicated genotypes. ( B ) t-SNE clustering of splenic immune cell populations. Cell identities were assigned on the basis of surface marker expression (table S2). Total cell numbers used for each plot are indicated. NK cells, natural killer cells. ( C ) Frequencies of splenic immune cell subsets. Data are representative of at least two independent experiments. ( D ) Representative flow cytometry plots of splenic CD19 + B220 + CD93 − CD21/35 hi CD23 lo MZ and CD19 + B220 + CD93 − CD21/35 lo CD23 hi Fo B cells. ( E ) Proportions and absolute cell numbers of splenic MZ and Fo B cells. Data are representative of three pooled independent experiments. ( F ) Immunofluorescence staining for CD169 (blue), IgD (magenta), and IgM (yellow) of spleen sections of mice of the indicated genotypes. Scale bars, 100 μm. ( G ) Quantification of average splenic MZ thickness based on immunofluorescence staining. The thickness was measured from the CD169 + border to the IgM boundary. The average is representative of three follicles per mouse. Data are representative of two pooled independent experiments. ( H ) Schematic for immunization with heat-inactivated S. <t>pneumoniae.</t> I.V., intravenous. ( I ) Total serum levels of anti-phosphorylcholine IgM titers measured by ELISA 5 days postimmunization with S. pneumoniae . Mean ± SEM optical density (OD) values for serial dilutions are plotted. Data are representative of one of two independent experiments with similar results. Curves represent the mean response of n = 4 mice per genotype. Statistical analyses are done using an unpaired t test (A, E, and G), nonparametric test (C), and two-way ANOVA (I). ns, nonsignificant. * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, and **** P ≤ 0.0001. Each dot represents a biological replicate.
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    All panels compare Ptpn2 fl/fl MB1-cre ( Ptpn2 BKO ) versus Ptpn2 wt/wt MB1-cre (Ctrl) mice. ( A ) Quantification of splenocyte numbers and representative photograph of spleens of 10-week-old mice of the indicated genotypes. ( B ) t-SNE clustering of splenic immune cell populations. Cell identities were assigned on the basis of surface marker expression (table S2). Total cell numbers used for each plot are indicated. NK cells, natural killer cells. ( C ) Frequencies of splenic immune cell subsets. Data are representative of at least two independent experiments. ( D ) Representative flow cytometry plots of splenic CD19 + B220 + CD93 − CD21/35 hi CD23 lo MZ and CD19 + B220 + CD93 − CD21/35 lo CD23 hi Fo B cells. ( E ) Proportions and absolute cell numbers of splenic MZ and Fo B cells. Data are representative of three pooled independent experiments. ( F ) Immunofluorescence staining for CD169 (blue), IgD (magenta), and IgM (yellow) of spleen sections of mice of the indicated genotypes. Scale bars, 100 μm. ( G ) Quantification of average splenic MZ thickness based on immunofluorescence staining. The thickness was measured from the CD169 + border to the IgM boundary. The average is representative of three follicles per mouse. Data are representative of two pooled independent experiments. ( H ) Schematic for immunization with heat-inactivated S. <t>pneumoniae.</t> I.V., intravenous. ( I ) Total serum levels of anti-phosphorylcholine IgM titers measured by ELISA 5 days postimmunization with S. pneumoniae . Mean ± SEM optical density (OD) values for serial dilutions are plotted. Data are representative of one of two independent experiments with similar results. Curves represent the mean response of n = 4 mice per genotype. Statistical analyses are done using an unpaired t test (A, E, and G), nonparametric test (C), and two-way ANOVA (I). ns, nonsignificant. * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, and **** P ≤ 0.0001. Each dot represents a biological replicate.
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    Transcriptomic analysis <t>of</t> <t>Mut-S</t> in comparison to Kpn2146 strains. ( A ) Volcano map displaying the upregulated (red dots) and downregulated (yellow dots) genes between the Mut-S group and the control group. ( B ) Changes in the relative expression of the <t>mgrB,</t> phoP , and virK genes in the Mut-S strain compared with those in the WT strain. ( C )Changes in the virK gene expression in the Mut-S strain after supplementation with the mgrB gene. ( D ) Changes in phoP and virK gene expressions after phoP gene knockdown in the Mut-S strain. ( E ) Changes in the mgrB and virK gene expressions after the mgrB gene was complemented in the phoP knockout strain in Mut-S. ( F ) Changes in the phoP and virK gene expressions after the phoP gene was supplemented in the phoP knockout strains in Mut-S. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, and **** P < 0.0001.
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    polymyxin resistant mutant mut s  (ATCC)
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    ATCC polymyxin resistant mutant mut s
    Transcriptomic analysis <t>of</t> <t>Mut-S</t> in comparison to Kpn2146 strains. ( A ) Volcano map displaying the upregulated (red dots) and downregulated (yellow dots) genes between the Mut-S group and the control group. ( B ) Changes in the relative expression of the mgrB, phoP , and virK genes in the Mut-S strain compared with those in the WT strain. ( C )Changes in the virK gene expression in the Mut-S strain after supplementation with the mgrB gene. ( D ) Changes in phoP and virK gene expressions after phoP gene knockdown in the Mut-S strain. ( E ) Changes in the mgrB and virK gene expressions after the mgrB gene was complemented in the phoP knockout strain in Mut-S. ( F ) Changes in the phoP and virK gene expressions after the phoP gene was supplemented in the phoP knockout strains in Mut-S. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, and **** P < 0.0001.
    Polymyxin Resistant Mutant Mut S, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 98/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    reference strain s pneumoniae atcc 49619  (ATCC)
    99
    ATCC reference strain s pneumoniae atcc 49619
    Effects of azeliragon on the in vitro growth of S. pneumoniae . Dose–response relationships of S. pneumoniae <t>ATCC</t> <t>49619</t> (A) , S. pneumoniae 1057 (B) , and S. pneumoniae 1044 (C) following treatment with increasing concentrations of azeliragon. Bacterial growth was measured after 18 h of incubation and expressed as OD 600 . Effects of azeliragon on the growth kinetics of S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 (D) , S. pneumoniae 1057 (E) , and S. pneumoniae 1044 (F) . Bacteria were cultured under control conditions or with different concentrations of azeliragon, and OD 600 was recorded at indicated time points to generate growth curves. Data were presented as mean ± SD. The experiments were performed with three independent biological replicates ( n = 3). “ns” represented no significant difference, ** p < 0.01.
    Reference Strain S Pneumoniae Atcc 49619, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Image Search Results


    All panels compare Ptpn2 fl/fl MB1-cre ( Ptpn2 BKO ) versus Ptpn2 wt/wt MB1-cre (Ctrl) mice. ( A ) Quantification of splenocyte numbers and representative photograph of spleens of 10-week-old mice of the indicated genotypes. ( B ) t-SNE clustering of splenic immune cell populations. Cell identities were assigned on the basis of surface marker expression (table S2). Total cell numbers used for each plot are indicated. NK cells, natural killer cells. ( C ) Frequencies of splenic immune cell subsets. Data are representative of at least two independent experiments. ( D ) Representative flow cytometry plots of splenic CD19 + B220 + CD93 − CD21/35 hi CD23 lo MZ and CD19 + B220 + CD93 − CD21/35 lo CD23 hi Fo B cells. ( E ) Proportions and absolute cell numbers of splenic MZ and Fo B cells. Data are representative of three pooled independent experiments. ( F ) Immunofluorescence staining for CD169 (blue), IgD (magenta), and IgM (yellow) of spleen sections of mice of the indicated genotypes. Scale bars, 100 μm. ( G ) Quantification of average splenic MZ thickness based on immunofluorescence staining. The thickness was measured from the CD169 + border to the IgM boundary. The average is representative of three follicles per mouse. Data are representative of two pooled independent experiments. ( H ) Schematic for immunization with heat-inactivated S. pneumoniae. I.V., intravenous. ( I ) Total serum levels of anti-phosphorylcholine IgM titers measured by ELISA 5 days postimmunization with S. pneumoniae . Mean ± SEM optical density (OD) values for serial dilutions are plotted. Data are representative of one of two independent experiments with similar results. Curves represent the mean response of n = 4 mice per genotype. Statistical analyses are done using an unpaired t test (A, E, and G), nonparametric test (C), and two-way ANOVA (I). ns, nonsignificant. * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, and **** P ≤ 0.0001. Each dot represents a biological replicate.

    Journal: Science Advances

    Article Title: Ptpn2 limits plasma cell fate and antiviral immunity by integrating B cell receptor and IFN-γ signals in B cells

    doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aec0162

    Figure Lengend Snippet: All panels compare Ptpn2 fl/fl MB1-cre ( Ptpn2 BKO ) versus Ptpn2 wt/wt MB1-cre (Ctrl) mice. ( A ) Quantification of splenocyte numbers and representative photograph of spleens of 10-week-old mice of the indicated genotypes. ( B ) t-SNE clustering of splenic immune cell populations. Cell identities were assigned on the basis of surface marker expression (table S2). Total cell numbers used for each plot are indicated. NK cells, natural killer cells. ( C ) Frequencies of splenic immune cell subsets. Data are representative of at least two independent experiments. ( D ) Representative flow cytometry plots of splenic CD19 + B220 + CD93 − CD21/35 hi CD23 lo MZ and CD19 + B220 + CD93 − CD21/35 lo CD23 hi Fo B cells. ( E ) Proportions and absolute cell numbers of splenic MZ and Fo B cells. Data are representative of three pooled independent experiments. ( F ) Immunofluorescence staining for CD169 (blue), IgD (magenta), and IgM (yellow) of spleen sections of mice of the indicated genotypes. Scale bars, 100 μm. ( G ) Quantification of average splenic MZ thickness based on immunofluorescence staining. The thickness was measured from the CD169 + border to the IgM boundary. The average is representative of three follicles per mouse. Data are representative of two pooled independent experiments. ( H ) Schematic for immunization with heat-inactivated S. pneumoniae. I.V., intravenous. ( I ) Total serum levels of anti-phosphorylcholine IgM titers measured by ELISA 5 days postimmunization with S. pneumoniae . Mean ± SEM optical density (OD) values for serial dilutions are plotted. Data are representative of one of two independent experiments with similar results. Curves represent the mean response of n = 4 mice per genotype. Statistical analyses are done using an unpaired t test (A, E, and G), nonparametric test (C), and two-way ANOVA (I). ns, nonsignificant. * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, and **** P ≤ 0.0001. Each dot represents a biological replicate.

    Article Snippet: S. pneumoniae immunizations were performed by injecting 1 × 10 8 heat-killed S. pneumoniae cells (cat. no. tlrl-hksp, InvivoGen) intravenously via the tail vein.

    Techniques: Marker, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

    Transcriptomic analysis of Mut-S in comparison to Kpn2146 strains. ( A ) Volcano map displaying the upregulated (red dots) and downregulated (yellow dots) genes between the Mut-S group and the control group. ( B ) Changes in the relative expression of the mgrB, phoP , and virK genes in the Mut-S strain compared with those in the WT strain. ( C )Changes in the virK gene expression in the Mut-S strain after supplementation with the mgrB gene. ( D ) Changes in phoP and virK gene expressions after phoP gene knockdown in the Mut-S strain. ( E ) Changes in the mgrB and virK gene expressions after the mgrB gene was complemented in the phoP knockout strain in Mut-S. ( F ) Changes in the phoP and virK gene expressions after the phoP gene was supplemented in the phoP knockout strains in Mut-S. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, and **** P < 0.0001.

    Journal: Nucleic Acids Research

    Article Title: PhoP-regulated VirK acts as an accessory factor to maintain virulence in polymyxin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

    doi: 10.1093/nar/gkag290

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Transcriptomic analysis of Mut-S in comparison to Kpn2146 strains. ( A ) Volcano map displaying the upregulated (red dots) and downregulated (yellow dots) genes between the Mut-S group and the control group. ( B ) Changes in the relative expression of the mgrB, phoP , and virK genes in the Mut-S strain compared with those in the WT strain. ( C )Changes in the virK gene expression in the Mut-S strain after supplementation with the mgrB gene. ( D ) Changes in phoP and virK gene expressions after phoP gene knockdown in the Mut-S strain. ( E ) Changes in the mgrB and virK gene expressions after the mgrB gene was complemented in the phoP knockout strain in Mut-S. ( F ) Changes in the phoP and virK gene expressions after the phoP gene was supplemented in the phoP knockout strains in Mut-S. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, and **** P < 0.0001.

    Article Snippet: The effects of virK on bacterial pathogenicity were further evaluated in a mouse systemic infection model using virK mutants and complemented strains under K. pneumoniae ATCC BAA2146 (wild type) or Mut-S ( mgrB truncated strain) backgrounds.

    Techniques: Comparison, Control, Expressing, Gene Expression, Knockdown, Knock-Out

    Transcriptomic analysis of Mut-S in comparison to Kpn2146 strains. ( A ) Volcano map displaying the upregulated (red dots) and downregulated (yellow dots) genes between the Mut-S group and the control group. ( B ) Changes in the relative expression of the mgrB, phoP , and virK genes in the Mut-S strain compared with those in the WT strain. ( C )Changes in the virK gene expression in the Mut-S strain after supplementation with the mgrB gene. ( D ) Changes in phoP and virK gene expressions after phoP gene knockdown in the Mut-S strain. ( E ) Changes in the mgrB and virK gene expressions after the mgrB gene was complemented in the phoP knockout strain in Mut-S. ( F ) Changes in the phoP and virK gene expressions after the phoP gene was supplemented in the phoP knockout strains in Mut-S. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, and **** P < 0.0001.

    Journal: Nucleic Acids Research

    Article Title: PhoP-regulated VirK acts as an accessory factor to maintain virulence in polymyxin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

    doi: 10.1093/nar/gkag290

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Transcriptomic analysis of Mut-S in comparison to Kpn2146 strains. ( A ) Volcano map displaying the upregulated (red dots) and downregulated (yellow dots) genes between the Mut-S group and the control group. ( B ) Changes in the relative expression of the mgrB, phoP , and virK genes in the Mut-S strain compared with those in the WT strain. ( C )Changes in the virK gene expression in the Mut-S strain after supplementation with the mgrB gene. ( D ) Changes in phoP and virK gene expressions after phoP gene knockdown in the Mut-S strain. ( E ) Changes in the mgrB and virK gene expressions after the mgrB gene was complemented in the phoP knockout strain in Mut-S. ( F ) Changes in the phoP and virK gene expressions after the phoP gene was supplemented in the phoP knockout strains in Mut-S. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, and **** P < 0.0001.

    Article Snippet: During preliminary investigations of a polymyxin-resistant mutant (Mut-S) of K. pneumoniae ATCC BAA-2146 (Kpn2146) [ ], we detected highly upregulated expression of the Kpn2146:RS17285 gene.

    Techniques: Comparison, Control, Expressing, Gene Expression, Knockdown, Knock-Out

    Effects of azeliragon on the in vitro growth of S. pneumoniae . Dose–response relationships of S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 (A) , S. pneumoniae 1057 (B) , and S. pneumoniae 1044 (C) following treatment with increasing concentrations of azeliragon. Bacterial growth was measured after 18 h of incubation and expressed as OD 600 . Effects of azeliragon on the growth kinetics of S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 (D) , S. pneumoniae 1057 (E) , and S. pneumoniae 1044 (F) . Bacteria were cultured under control conditions or with different concentrations of azeliragon, and OD 600 was recorded at indicated time points to generate growth curves. Data were presented as mean ± SD. The experiments were performed with three independent biological replicates ( n = 3). “ns” represented no significant difference, ** p < 0.01.

    Journal: Frontiers in Medicine

    Article Title: Protective effects of the RAGE inhibitor azeliragon as a potential anti- Streptococcus pneumoniae therapeutic in sepsis models

    doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1793580

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of azeliragon on the in vitro growth of S. pneumoniae . Dose–response relationships of S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 (A) , S. pneumoniae 1057 (B) , and S. pneumoniae 1044 (C) following treatment with increasing concentrations of azeliragon. Bacterial growth was measured after 18 h of incubation and expressed as OD 600 . Effects of azeliragon on the growth kinetics of S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 (D) , S. pneumoniae 1057 (E) , and S. pneumoniae 1044 (F) . Bacteria were cultured under control conditions or with different concentrations of azeliragon, and OD 600 was recorded at indicated time points to generate growth curves. Data were presented as mean ± SD. The experiments were performed with three independent biological replicates ( n = 3). “ns” represented no significant difference, ** p < 0.01.

    Article Snippet: To further assess the effects of azeliragon on pneumococcal growth, the reference strain S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 and two clinical isolates (1057 and 1044) were examined under different drug concentrations.

    Techniques: In Vitro, Incubation, Bacteria, Cell Culture, Control

    Time-kill activity and biofilm disruption effects of azeliragon against S. pneumoniae . Time-kill curves of S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 (A) , S. pneumoniae 1057 (B) , and S. pneumoniae 1044 (C) treated with azeliragon (4× MIC). Bacteria were cultured under control conditions or treated with azeliragon (4× MIC) or vancomycin (4× MIC), and viable counts (CFU/mL) were determined at indicated time points. Effects of azeliragon (4× MIC) on biofilm biomass of S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 (D) , S. pneumoniae 1057 (E) , and S. pneumoniae 1044 (F) . Mature biofilms were treated with the indicated drugs for 24 h and quantified by crystal violet staining. Results are expressed as OD₅₇₀. Data were presented as mean ± SD. Data were presented as mean ± SD. The experiments were performed with six independent biological replicates ( n = 6). Group comparisons for biofilm assays were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparison test. “ns” represented no significant difference, *** p < 0.001.

    Journal: Frontiers in Medicine

    Article Title: Protective effects of the RAGE inhibitor azeliragon as a potential anti- Streptococcus pneumoniae therapeutic in sepsis models

    doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1793580

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Time-kill activity and biofilm disruption effects of azeliragon against S. pneumoniae . Time-kill curves of S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 (A) , S. pneumoniae 1057 (B) , and S. pneumoniae 1044 (C) treated with azeliragon (4× MIC). Bacteria were cultured under control conditions or treated with azeliragon (4× MIC) or vancomycin (4× MIC), and viable counts (CFU/mL) were determined at indicated time points. Effects of azeliragon (4× MIC) on biofilm biomass of S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 (D) , S. pneumoniae 1057 (E) , and S. pneumoniae 1044 (F) . Mature biofilms were treated with the indicated drugs for 24 h and quantified by crystal violet staining. Results are expressed as OD₅₇₀. Data were presented as mean ± SD. Data were presented as mean ± SD. The experiments were performed with six independent biological replicates ( n = 6). Group comparisons for biofilm assays were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparison test. “ns” represented no significant difference, *** p < 0.001.

    Article Snippet: To further assess the effects of azeliragon on pneumococcal growth, the reference strain S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 and two clinical isolates (1057 and 1044) were examined under different drug concentrations.

    Techniques: Activity Assay, Disruption, Bacteria, Cell Culture, Control, Staining, Comparison

    In vivo protective effects of azeliragon in a mouse infection model. (A) Determination of the infectious dose of S. pneumoniae 1044. (B) Therapeutic efficacy of azeliragon in the pneumonia model. (C) Seven-day survival curves of mice with sepsis induced by S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619. Mice received vehicle control, bacterial control, azeliragon (5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg), or vancomycin (10 mg/kg). Each group contained 10 mice. Survival was monitored continuously. (D) Seven-day survival curves of mice with sepsis induced by the clinical S. pneumoniae isolate 1044. Experimental groups and treatments were identical to those in (A) . Survival data were plotted using the Kaplan–Meier method, and statistical significance was determined using the log-rank (Mantel–Cox) test. “ns” represented no significant difference, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001.

    Journal: Frontiers in Medicine

    Article Title: Protective effects of the RAGE inhibitor azeliragon as a potential anti- Streptococcus pneumoniae therapeutic in sepsis models

    doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1793580

    Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo protective effects of azeliragon in a mouse infection model. (A) Determination of the infectious dose of S. pneumoniae 1044. (B) Therapeutic efficacy of azeliragon in the pneumonia model. (C) Seven-day survival curves of mice with sepsis induced by S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619. Mice received vehicle control, bacterial control, azeliragon (5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg), or vancomycin (10 mg/kg). Each group contained 10 mice. Survival was monitored continuously. (D) Seven-day survival curves of mice with sepsis induced by the clinical S. pneumoniae isolate 1044. Experimental groups and treatments were identical to those in (A) . Survival data were plotted using the Kaplan–Meier method, and statistical significance was determined using the log-rank (Mantel–Cox) test. “ns” represented no significant difference, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001.

    Article Snippet: To further assess the effects of azeliragon on pneumococcal growth, the reference strain S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 and two clinical isolates (1057 and 1044) were examined under different drug concentrations.

    Techniques: In Vivo, Infection, Drug discovery, Control